## Node vs Python

When it comes to backend development, there are many programming languages and frameworks to choose from. Two of the most popular choices are Node.js and Python. In this article, we'll compare and contrast these two technologies to help you choose the one that's best for your project.

Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment that allows developers to build fast and scalable network applications. It uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O model, which makes it ideal for building real-time applications such as chat applications, gaming platforms, and streaming services. On the other hand, Python is a high-level programming language that's known for its simplicity, readability, and flexibility. It's a popular choice for web development, scientific computing, data analysis, and artificial intelligence.

## Differences

One of the main differences between Node.js and Python is their performance. Node.js is known for its high performance and scalability, especially when it comes to handling a large number of connections. This is because Node.js uses an event-driven architecture that allows it to handle asynchronous I/O operations efficiently. On the other hand, Python is not as performant as Node.js when it comes to handling a large number of connections, but it's still a reliable choice for building web applications that don't require real-time functionality.

Another difference between Node.js and Python is their ecosystem. Node.js has a large and active community that's constantly developing new modules, libraries, and tools for the platform. This means that developers have access to a vast array of third-party packages and resources that can help them build complex applications quickly and easily. Python also has a large and active community, but its ecosystem is focused more on scientific computing and data analysis, rather than web development specifically.

When it comes to learning curve, both Node.js and Python are relatively easy to learn. However, if you're already familiar with JavaScript, then Node.js might be easier to pick up since you'll be using the same language for both frontend and backend development. Python, on the other hand, has a simpler syntax and is known for its readability, which makes it a great choice for beginners.

In terms of framework availability, Node.js has several popular frameworks like Express, Koa, and Hapi that make it easy to build web applications quickly and easily. Python also has several popular frameworks like Django, Flask, and Pyramid that make it easy to build web applications, but they are more focused on traditional web development rather than real-time functionality.

Finally, it's worth noting that both Node.js and Python are suitable for building scalable and secure web applications. However, Node.js might be a better choice if you need to build real-time applications that require high performance and scalability, while Python might be a better choice if you need to build data-heavy applications or want to take advantage of its extensive scientific computing libraries.

## Conclusion 

In conclusion, Node.js and Python are both great choices for backend development, but they have different strengths and weaknesses. If you're building a real-time application that requires high performance and scalability, then Node.js might be the better choice. However, if you're building a data-heavy application or want to take advantage of Python's scientific computing libraries, then Python might be the better choice. Ultimately, the choice between Node.js and Python will depend on your specific project requirements, your team's expertise, and your personal preferences.

Node vs Python for backend : a break down

## REST APIs & GraphQL

REST APIs and GraphQL are both popular web service architectures used to develop modern web applications. While both serve the same purpose of communicating between client and server, they differ in their approach, design, and functionality. In this article, we will explore the advantages and disadvantages of both REST APIs and GraphQL.

## REST APIs

REST (Representational State Transfer) is a popular architectural style for developing web applications. A RESTful API uses HTTP methods to manipulate resources and uses URLs to represent resources. It’s a well-established protocol with a mature ecosystem of tools and libraries, making it easy to develop, test, and maintain applications.

## Advantages of REST APIs:

**1** Simplicity: REST is simple to use and easy to understand. The requests and responses are self-contained, which makes them easy to cache and reduces the number of network round trips.

**2** Scalability: REST is highly scalable because it’s stateless, which means the server doesn’t have to store any session information.

**3** Standardization: REST APIs are widely used, and there are many tools and libraries available to work with them. This makes it easy to develop, test, and maintain applications.

## Disadvantages of REST APIs

**1** Overfetching and Underfetching: REST APIs return all the data associated with a resource, which can lead to overfetching (getting more data than required). On the other hand, if the API doesn’t return enough data, it can lead to underfetching (making multiple requests to get all the required data).

**2** Versioning: REST APIs require versioning when the API changes, which can be cumbersome and difficult to manage.

## GraphQL

GraphQL is a query language for APIs that was developed by Facebook in 2012. It allows clients to specify exactly what data they need and returns only that data. It’s a powerful tool that offers flexibility, efficiency, and performance.

## Advantages of GraphQL

**1** Flexibility: GraphQL offers flexibility in terms of data retrieval. It allows clients to specify exactly what data they need and returns only that data, reducing the amount of overfetching and underfetching.

**2** Performance: Because GraphQL returns only the data requested, it’s much faster than REST APIs. It also reduces the number of network round trips, which makes it more efficient.

**3** Type System: GraphQL has a type system that allows clients to validate the correctness of their queries at the compile-time, which reduces the chances of runtime errors.

## Disadvantages of GraphQL:

**1** Complexity: GraphQL is more complex than REST APIs, especially for developers who are new to it. It requires knowledge of the query language, type system, and schema.

**2** Caching: Because GraphQL requests are highly specific, caching can be challenging. This can lead to increased load on the server and slower response times.

In conclusion, both REST APIs and GraphQL have their advantages and disadvantages, and which one to use depends on the specific requirements of the project. REST APIs are a good choice when simplicity and standardization are essential, while GraphQL is suitable for applications where performance and flexibility are a priority. It’s important to evaluate the needs of the project and choose the architecture that best suits those needs.

REST APIs vs GraphQL

## My Kneipe: the process and the challenges


Building a full-stack web application was an exciting and challenging process that required careful planning and execution. In this blog post, I will explore the process of building "My Kneipe," a web application that allowed users to upload and rate their favorite bars in Berlin. The technologies I used in this project included Next Js, Typescript, Prisma, Graphql, TypeGraphQL, PostgreSQL database on Supabase, Cloudinary for Images, and Firebase for authentication.

The first step in building any web application was to define the problem I was trying to solve and the features I wanted to include. In the case of My Kneipe, the goal was to create a platform where users could discover and rate the best bars in Berlin. The features of the application included a user-friendly interface for uploading and browsing bars, a rating system for users to rate and review bars, and a backend database to store and manage user data.

Once the features and requirements had been defined, the next step was to choose the appropriate technology stack. For My Kneipe, I chose to use Next Js, Typescript, Prisma, Graphql, TypeGraphQL, PostgreSQL database on Supabase, Cloudinary for Images, and Firebase for authentication. These technologies provided a robust set of tools for building a web application with a back-end server, database, and front-end user interface.

The next step in the process was to design the database schema and set up the database. This involved deciding on the tables, columns, and relationships needed to store user data and bar information. I used Supabase as my database management system, which provided a powerful set of features for creating and managing databases.

After setting up the database, the next step was to create the server-side code using Typescript, Prisma, Graphql, and TypeGraphQL. This involved writing the resolvers, mutations, and queries needed to handle user requests and interact with the database. I also implemented authentication and authorization to ensure that only authorized users could access the application and their data.

Finally, I created the front-end user interface using Next Js and React. This involved designing the layout and user experience of the application, as well as integrating the server-side code with the client-side code. I also used Cloudinary to store and manage images of bars, which were displayed on the front-end interface.

Throughout the process of building My Kneipe, there were several challenges that I needed to overcome. These included ensuring the security and reliability of the application, optimizing performance and scalability, and testing and debugging the code to ensure that it functioned correctly. I also incorporated user feedback and iterated on the design and functionality of the application to ensure that it met the needs of our target audience.

In conclusion, building a full-stack web application like My Kneipe was a complex and challenging process that required careful planning and execution. By using the appropriate technology stack and following best practices for security, reliability, and performance, I was able to create a web application that provided value to users and helped promote the best bars in Berlin.

Regarding the choice of technology stack, I chose Next Js, Typescript, Prisma, Graphql, TypeGraphQL, PostgreSQL database on Supabase, Cloudinary for Images, and Firebase for authentication because they provided a modern and scalable architecture that was easy to maintain and extend. The use of TypeScript, Prisma, GraphQL, and TypeGraphQL provided a type-safe and efficient development experience, while the use of Supabase, Cloudinary, and Firebase provided a reliable and scalable backend infrastructure.

My Kneipe: An app for exploring the best bars in Berlin

## What is Three JS ?

Three.js is an open-source JavaScript library that is used to create and display 3D graphics on the web. It provides a wide range of tools for creating and manipulating 3D objects and scenes in real-time. The library is designed to be easy to use and is widely popular for its versatility and ease of integration into web-based projects.

One of the main advantages of Three.js is its ability to create complex 3D scenes and animations without requiring extensive knowledge of computer graphics or 3D modeling. The library provides a set of easy-to-use tools and methods for creating 3D objects, rendering textures and materials, and animating objects.

Three.js supports a variety of 3D file formats, including OBJ, FBX, and STL, and provides the ability to load 3D models directly into a web page. This allows developers to create interactive 3D experiences that can be viewed and manipulated by users directly in the browser, without requiring any additional software or plugins.

Another key feature of Three.js is its support for WebGL, a web-based standard for rendering 3D graphics using the GPU. This provides fast and efficient rendering performance and enables Three.js to create high-quality 3D graphics on a wide range of devices and platforms.

Overall, Three.js is a powerful and versatile tool for creating and displaying 3D graphics on the web. Its ease of use and support for a wide range of features and platforms make it an ideal choice for developers looking to create interactive and engaging 3D experiences on the web.

Here is an example of a simple Three.js scene that displays a rotating cube:

```js
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Three.js Example</title>
  <style>
    body { margin: 0; }
    canvas { width: 100%; height: 100%; }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

<script src="https://threejs.org/build/three.min.js"></script>

<script>
  // Set up the scene, camera, and renderer
  var scene = new THREE.Scene();
  var camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera( 75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000 );
  var renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer();
  renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );
  document.body.appendChild( renderer.domElement );

  // Create a cube and add it to the scene
  var geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry();
  var material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial( { color: 0x00ff00 } );
  var cube = new THREE.Mesh( geometry, material );
  scene.add( cube );

  // Position the camera
  camera.position.z = 5;

  // Render the scene
  function animate() {
    requestAnimationFrame( animate );
    cube.rotation.x += 0.01;
    cube.rotation.y += 0.01;
    renderer.render( scene, camera );
  }
  animate();
</script>

</body>
</html>
```

This code sets up a Three.js scene, adds a green cube to the scene, positions the camera, and renders the scene with the cube rotating on its x and y axes. Note that this example uses the MeshBasicMaterial, which only renders the object in a solid color. For more complex materials, such as textures and lighting, you would need to use a different type of material, such as MeshStandardMaterial.

Here is the equivalent Three.js scene in React code:

```js
import React, { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
import * as THREE from 'three';

function ThreeScene() {
  const canvasRef = useRef(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    // Set up the scene, camera, and renderer
    const scene = new THREE.Scene();
    const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 0.1, 1000);
    const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ canvas: canvasRef.current });
    renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);

    // Create a cube and add it to the scene
    const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry();
    const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x00ff00 });
    const cube = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
    scene.add(cube);

    // Position the camera
    camera.position.z = 5;

    // Render the scene
    function animate() {
      requestAnimationFrame(animate);
      cube.rotation.x += 0.01;
      cube.rotation.y += 0.01;
      renderer.render(scene, camera);
    }
    animate();
  }, []);

  return <canvas ref={canvasRef} />;
}

export default ThreeScene;
```

This code sets up a Three.js scene and renders it in a canvas element using React's useRef hook. The useEffect hook is used to run the scene setup and rendering code once when the component mounts. The rest of the code is similar to the non-React example, with the canvasRef being used to specify the canvas element for the renderer to render to.



What is ThreeJs? : An explainer and example

## Airprint

Building a full stack web application is a challenging and rewarding process that requires careful planning and execution. In this blog post, we will take a look at the process of building a web application called "Airprint" that allows users to calculate their carbon emissions from the flights they take.

The first step in building any web application is to define the problem you are trying to solve and the features you want to include. In the case of Airprint, the goal is to help users understand the carbon footprint of their air travel and encourage them to make more sustainable choices. The features of the application will include a carbon calculator that takes in flight data and provides an estimate of the carbon emissions produced.

Once the features and requirements have been defined, the next step is to choose the appropriate technology stack. For Airprint, we have chosen to use  Vanilla Javascript, Node Js, Express, and MySql. These technologies are well-suited for building a web application with a back-end server, database, and front-end user interface.

The next step in the process is to design the database schema and set up the database. This involves deciding on the tables, columns, and relationships needed to store user data and flight information. We will be using MySql as our database management system, which provides a robust set of tools for creating and managing databases.

After setting up the database, the next step is to create the server-side code using Node Js and Express. This involves writing the routes and controllers needed to handle user requests and interact with the database. It was decided against to use to implement authentication and authorization to ensure that only authorized users can access the application and their data, but this can certainly be added at a later date

Finally, I created the front-end user interface using HTML, CSS, and Javascript. This will involve designing the layout and user experience of the application, as well as integrating the server-side code with the client-side code.

Throughout the process of building Airprint, there are several challenges that I overcame. These include ensuring the security and reliability of the application, optimizing performance and scalability, and testing and debugging the code to ensure that it functions correctly.

In conclusion, building a full stack web application like Airprint is a complex and challenging process that requires careful planning and execution. By using the appropriate technology stack and following best practices for security, reliability, and performance, we can create a web application that provides value to users and helps promote sustainability.

## 10 challenges I faced when building Airprint

## 1
Determining the appropriate database schema to store user data and flight information
## 2
Setting up and configuring the MySql database management system
## 3
Writing secure and reliable server-side code using Node Js and Express
## 4
Implementing authentication and authorization to protect user data
## 5
Designing a responsive and user-friendly front-end interface using HTML, CSS, and Javascript
## 6
Optimizing the performance and scalability of the application to handle large amounts of traffic and data
## 7
Ensuring that the application is accessible to users with disabilities
## 8
Testing and debugging the code to identify and fix errors and ensure that it functions correctly
## 9
Incorporating user feedback and iterating on the design and functionality of the application
## 10
Staying up-to-date with the latest best practices and technologies for building full stack web applications.

## Calculations: Client or Server?

Making all calculations on the back-end provides several benefits, including better performance, improved security, and easier maintenance. By performing calculations on the server-side, we can ensure that they are consistent and accurate, and reduce the risk of errors or tampering by users on the front-end.



Building Airprint : A flight carbon estimator

HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. It is a protocol for secure communication over the internet. HTTPS is essentially a combination of the standard HTTP protocol and the SSL/TLS encryption protocol.

Here's a breakdown of how HTTPS works:

**1** When a user enters a website's URL that uses HTTPS, the user's browser sends a request to the website's server.

**2** The website's server responds with a digital certificate, which contains the website's public key, as well as some other information about the website, such as its name and the certificate's issuer.

**3** The user's browser checks the certificate's issuer and expiration date, and then verifies the website's public key.

**4** If the website's public key is valid, the user's browser generates a random symmetric encryption key, which it uses to encrypt all communication with the website.

**5** The user's browser sends the encrypted symmetric key to the website's server.

**6** The website's server uses its private key to decrypt the symmetric key.

**7** From this point on, all communication between the user's browser and the website is encrypted using the symmetric key.

**8** This encryption protects against eavesdropping and ensures that any data that is transmitted between the user's browser and the website remains private and secure.

In summary, HTTPS provides an encrypted and secure connection between a user's browser and a website's server, which ensures the privacy and integrity of the data being transmitted.

## HTTP Methods

HTTP methods are a critical aspect of the HTTP protocol, which is the foundation of the World Wide Web. HTTP methods are used to indicate the desired action to be performed on a resource, such as a web page, image, or other file, on a web server.

There are several HTTP methods, each of which has a specific purpose:

**1** GET: The GET method is used to retrieve a resource from the server. When a user clicks on a link or enters a URL in their browser, a GET request is sent to the server, and the server responds with the requested resource.

**2** POST: The POST method is used to send data to the server to create or update a resource. When a user submits a form on a website, the form data is sent to the server using a POST request.

**3** PUT: The PUT method is used to update an existing resource on the server. For example, a user might use a PUT request to update their profile information on a website.

**4** DELETE: The DELETE method is used to delete a resource on the server. For example, a user might use a DELETE request to delete a file or image on a website.

**5** HEAD: The HEAD method is similar to the GET method, but it only retrieves the headers of a resource, not the full resource itself. This is useful for checking the status of a resource without actually downloading it.

**6** OPTIONS: The OPTIONS method is used to retrieve information about the communication options available for a resource, such as the allowed HTTP methods or supported content types.

**7** TRACE: The TRACE method is used to retrieve a diagnostic trace of the requests and responses between the client and the server. This method is primarily used for debugging and troubleshooting purposes.

Each HTTP method has a specific use case, and it is important for developers to use the appropriate method for the task at hand. Using the wrong method can result in errors or security vulnerabilities. Additionally, certain methods, such as PUT and DELETE, can have significant consequences if used improperly, so developers must take care when using them. Overall, HTTP methods are an essential part of web development, and understanding their purpose and proper use is critical for creating secure and effective web applications

HTTPS and HTTP Methods

Both fetch() and axios() are JavaScript methods for making HTTP requests, but they have some differences in how they work and their capabilities. Here are some of the main similarities and differences:

## Similarities:

**1** Both methods can be used to make GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, and other types of HTTP requests.
**2** Both methods return a Promise that can be used to handle the response.
**3** Both methods allow you to set headers and other request options.

## Differences:

**1** fetch() is a built-in browser method, while axios() is a third-party library that needs to be installed separately.
**2** fetch() returns a Response object that needs to be converted to JSON or another format using methods like .json(), .text(), or .blob(). axios() automatically converts the response to JSON format by default.
**3** fetch() has limited support for request cancellation and error handling, while axios() provides a built-in cancellation API and better error handling.
**4** fetch() does not support sending request data in the form of FormData, while axios() supports FormData, URLSearchParams, and other formats.
**5** fetch() has limited support for interceptors, which allow you to modify requests and responses before they are sent or received. axios() supports interceptors, which can be used for things like adding authentication headers or logging.
**6** fetch() does not work in some older browsers, while axios() works in most modern browsers and has better cross-browser compatibility.

Overall, fetch() is a good choice if you need to make basic HTTP requests and want to avoid adding additional dependencies to your project. axios() is a good choice if you need more advanced features like cancellation, error handling, and interceptors, or if you want better cross-browser compatibility.

A comparison between fetch() and axios()

## What is useEffect()?

The useEffect() hook is a fundamental part of React's functional component API that enables you to manage side effects in your application, such as fetching data from an API, subscribing to an event, or updating the DOM. Here are some tips for using useEffect() correctly in React:

## 1
Understand the dependencies: useEffect() accepts a callback function as its first argument and an array of dependencies as its second argument. The dependencies are used to determine whether the callback function should be called again. If any of the dependencies change, the callback will be called again. If you omit the dependency array, the callback will be called on every render. If you pass an empty array, the callback will only be called once, on the initial render. Make sure to understand the dependencies and how they affect the behavior of useEffect().

## 2
Use useEffect() for side effects: The useEffect() hook is designed to handle side effects such as fetching data, subscribing to events, or updating the DOM. Avoid using it for other purposes, such as updating state, which can lead to unnecessary re-renders and performance issues.

## 3
Clean up after yourself: If your useEffect() callback creates any resources, such as event listeners or timers, make sure to clean them up when the component is unmounted. You can return a cleanup function from the useEffect() callback to do this.

## 4
Use multiple useEffect() hooks: If you have multiple side effects to manage, consider using multiple useEffect() hooks instead of one big hook. This can help to organize your code and make it easier to reason about.

## 5
Consider using useEffect() with a cleanup function to replace lifecycle methods: If you are migrating from class components to functional components, you can use useEffect() with a cleanup function to replace lifecycle methods such as componentDidMount() and componentWillUnmount().

Here is an example of using useEffect() to fetch data from an API:

```js
import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

function MyComponent() {
  const [data, setData] = useState(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    fetch('https://api.example.com/data')
      .then(response => response.json())
      .then(data => setData(data));
  }, []);

  return (
    <div>{data ? JSON.stringify(data) : 'Loading...'}</div>
  );
}
```

In this example, the useEffect() hook is used to fetch data from an API when the component is mounted. The empty dependency array [] tells useEffect() to only run once on mount, and the fetched data is stored in the data state variable. The component then renders the data variable, which is initially null, until the data is fetched and stored.

How to use useEffect() correctly

## What are they used for?

In Javascript, conditional operators are used to execute code based on the truthfulness of a certain condition. These operators can be used to create more complex and sophisticated code that can make decisions based on different factors. There are three conditional operators in Javascript: the ternary operator, the logical OR operator, and the logical AND operator.

The ternary operator is a shorthand way of writing an if-else statement. It takes three operands: a condition, an expression to execute if the condition is true, and an expression to execute if the condition is false. Here is an example of how the ternary operator works:

```js
let num = 10;
let result = (num > 5) ? "greater than 5" : "less than or equal to 5";
console.log(result); // Output: "greater than 5"

```

In this example, the condition is num > 5, which evaluates to true. Therefore, the expression greater than 5 is executed, and the value of result is set to greater than 5.

The logical OR operator, represented by ||, evaluates to true if either of its operands is true. If both operands are false, then the expression evaluates to false. Here is an example of how the logical OR operator works:

```js
let num1 = 10;
let num2 = 5;
let result = (num1 > 5) || (num2 > 5);
console.log(result); // Output: true

```
In this example, both num1 and num2 are compared to 5 using the > operator. Since num1 is greater than 5, the expression (num1 > 5) evaluates to true. The same is not true for num2, which is less than 5, so the expression (num2 > 5) evaluates to false. Therefore, the logical OR operator evaluates to true.

The logical AND operator, represented by &&, evaluates to true if both of its operands are true. If either operand is false, then the expression evaluates to false. Here is an example of how the logical AND operator works:

```js

let num1 = 10;
let num2 = 5;
let result = (num1 > 5) && (num2 > 5);
console.log(result); // Output: false


```

In this example, both num1 and num2 are compared to 5 using the > operator. Since num1 is greater than 5, the expression (num1 > 5) evaluates to true. However, num2 is less than 5, so the expression (num2 > 5) evaluates to false. Therefore, the logical AND operator evaluates to false.

In summary, conditional operators in Javascript allow developers to write more concise and efficient code that can make decisions based on different conditions. The ternary operator, logical OR operator, and logical AND operator are three of the most commonly used conditional operators in Javascript, and understanding how they work is essential for writing effective code.

Conditional Operators in JS

## What are Custom Hooks?

React custom hooks are reusable pieces of code that allow developers to extract stateful logic from components and make it more modular, composable, and easy to test. In essence, custom hooks are functions that use React hooks like useState, useEffect, useContext, and others, to abstract common behavior into a standalone module that can be easily imported and reused across different parts of an application. In this article, we will discuss some of the advantages of writing custom hooks in React, along with some examples that showcase their power and flexibility.

## 1. Simplify Component Logic

One of the main benefits of custom hooks is that they can help simplify complex component logic by encapsulating it into a separate module. For example, imagine you have a component that fetches data from an API and then displays it in a list. Instead of writing all the fetching and error handling logic inside the component, you can create a custom hook that handles this logic and returns the data and error state to the component. This makes the component cleaner, easier to read, and more focused on its UI responsibilities.

Here's an example of a custom hook that fetches data from an API:

```js
import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';

export function useFetchData(url) {
  const [data, setData] = useState(null);
  const [error, setError] = useState(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    async function fetchData() {
      try {
        const response = await fetch(url);
        const data = await response.json();
        setData(data);
      } catch (error) {
        setError(error);
      }
    }

    fetchData();
  }, [url]);

  return { data, error };
}
```

With this custom hook, you can fetch data from any API by simply passing the URL as a parameter, and then use the data and error state in your component as needed:

```js
import { useFetchData } from './useFetchData';

function MyComponent() {
  const { data, error } = useFetchData('https://myapi.com/data');

  if (error) {
    return <div>{error.message}</div>;
  }

  if (!data) {
    return <div>Loading...</div>;
  }

  return (
    <ul>
      {data.map(item => (
        <li key={item.id}>{item.name}</li>
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}
```

## 2. Reuse Code Across Components

Another advantage of custom hooks is that they enable code reuse across different components, without having to repeat the same logic in each component. For instance, if you have two components that share the same state and side effects, you can create a custom hook that encapsulates this logic and use it in both components. This not only reduces code duplication but also ensures consistency and maintainability.

Here's an example of a custom hook that handles a simple form state:

```js
import { useState } from 'react';

export function useForm(initialState) {
  const [values, setValues] = useState(initialState);

  function handleChange(event) {
    setValues({ ...values, [event.target.name]: event.target.value });
  }

  function handleSubmit(callback) {
    return function(event) {
      event.preventDefault();
      callback(values);
    };
  }

  return { values, handleChange, handleSubmit };
}
```

With this custom hook, you can create a form component that handles its state and submit logic without repeating the same code:

```js

import { useForm } from './useForm';

function MyForm() {
  const { values, handleChange, handleSubmit } = useForm({ name: '', email: '' });

  function handleFormSubmit(data) {
    // send data to API or do something else
  }

  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(handleFormSubmit
```


Custom Hooks in React

## Nullish what?

Nullish Coalescing is a new feature introduced in ECMAScript 2020 (ES2020) for JavaScript programming language. It provides a concise way to handle default values for nullish (null or undefined) values.

The nullish coalescing operator (??) is used to check whether a variable is null or undefined. If it is null or undefined, then the operator returns the right-hand side value, otherwise, it returns the left-hand side value.

For example, consider the following code:

```js
const foo = null;
const bar = foo ?? 'default value';
console.log(bar); // output: 'default value'
```

In this example, the ?? operator is used to check if the variable foo is null or undefined. Since foo is null, the operator returns the default value 'default value' and assigns it to the variable bar.

Nullish coalescing operator is particularly useful in scenarios where you want to provide a default value for variables that might be null or undefined.

Consider another example:

```js
const user = {
  name: 'John',
  age: null
};

console.log(user.age ?? 18); // output: 18
```
In this example, the ?? operator is used to check if the age property of the user object is null or undefined. Since it is null, the operator returns the default value 18.

One important thing to note is that the nullish coalescing operator only returns the right-hand side value if the left-hand side value is null or undefined. If the left-hand side value is any other falsy value such as false, 0, '', etc., then the operator returns the left-hand side value.

```js

console.log(false ?? true); // output: false
console.log(0 ?? 42); // output: 0
console.log('' ?? 'default'); // output: ''

```

In conclusion, the nullish coalescing operator (??) provides a concise way to handle default values for nullish values in JavaScript. It helps developers write cleaner and more readable code, and makes it easier to handle edge cases where a variable might be null or undefined.





What is Nullish Coalescing?

## 1
Stay current with new technologies and trends: The web development landscape is constantly evolving, so it's important to stay up to date with new technologies and trends in the industry. This can involve reading blogs, attending conferences, and following industry leaders on social media.

## 2
Build projects outside of work: Practicing your skills outside of work is a great way to improve as a web developer. Build personal projects, contribute to open source projects, or participate in coding challenges to challenge yourself and learn new skills.

## 3
Refactor your code: Take the time to review and refactor your code to make it more efficient and maintainable. This can involve simplifying code, breaking it into smaller functions, or using design patterns to improve code quality.

## 4
Collaborate with others: Working with other developers can expose you to new ideas and approaches to web development. Participate in online communities or attend meetups to network with other developers.

## 5
Learn a new language or framework: Learning a new programming language or framework can expand your skill set and make you a more versatile developer. Choose a language or framework that interests you and commit to learning it.

## 6
Improve your soft skills: Effective communication, problem-solving, and teamwork are essential skills for web developers. Improve your soft skills through training, reading, and practice.

## 7
Test your code: Testing is an important part of web development that can help catch bugs and ensure that your code is functioning properly. Learn about different testing techniques and implement them in your projects.

## 8
Use version control: Version control software, such as Git, can help you manage changes to your codebase and collaborate with other developers. Learn how to use version control and make it a part of your development workflow.

## 9
Get feedback on your work: Soliciting feedback on your code from other developers or users can help you identify areas for improvement and make your code more user-friendly.

## 10
Never stop learning: The web development industry is always changing, so it's important to stay curious and keep learning. Invest time in continuing education through courses, tutorials, and workshops to keep your skills sharp and up to date.

10 ways to become a better developer

## What is Typescript?

TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript, which means that it is built on top of JavaScript and provides additional features to the language. While TypeScript offers many benefits, such as increased code reliability and maintainability, its complexity can be a challenge for some developers.

## What are the challenges?

One of the main difficulties that developers face when learning TypeScript is the need to understand and work with TypeScript's type system. TypeScript introduces types, which allow developers to specify the type of data that a variable can hold. While this can help catch errors early on in the development process, it can also be challenging to learn how to use types effectively.

For example, developers need to learn how to declare types for variables, functions, and classes. They also need to understand how to use type inference, which is TypeScript's ability to automatically detect the type of a variable based on its value. In addition, developers need to learn how to work with complex types, such as union types, intersection types, and generics.

Another difficulty that developers face when learning TypeScript is the need to understand how to integrate TypeScript into their existing JavaScript projects. TypeScript can be used with popular frameworks such as React, Angular, and Vue, but developers need to learn how to configure their projects to work with TypeScript. This includes setting up TypeScript compilers, configuring build tools, and understanding how to use TypeScript with popular libraries and frameworks.

Additionally, TypeScript introduces new syntax and concepts that developers need to learn. For example, developers need to understand the difference between interfaces and types, as well as how to work with classes and modules. They also need to learn how to use decorators, which are a powerful feature of TypeScript that can be used to add metadata to classes and methods.

Finally, developers may find it challenging to learn TypeScript because it requires a different mindset than JavaScript. While JavaScript is a dynamically typed language, TypeScript is a statically typed language. This means that developers need to think more carefully about the types of data that they are working with, and they need to be more explicit about how they are using that data.

In conclusion, learning TypeScript can be challenging for developers, particularly those who are new to static typing or who are not familiar with the concepts and syntax of TypeScript. However, with practice and perseverance, developers can become proficient in TypeScript and enjoy the many benefits that it offers, including increased code reliability and maintainability.

The Difficulties of Typescript

## Databases Explained

**MySQL**: MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) that uses SQL. It is widely used in web development and is known for its stability, scalability, and ease of use. It is also compatible with almost all operating systems.

**PostgreSQL**: PostgreSQL is also an open-source RDBMS that uses SQL. It is known for its robustness, reliability, and feature-richness. It is also known for its support for advanced data types, such as arrays and JSON, and for its support for spatial data.

**MongoDB**: MongoDB is a document-oriented database that is known for its flexibility and scalability. It is often used in web development for its ability to store and retrieve unstructured data. It is also known for its ease of use and its support for dynamic queries.

**SQLite**: SQLite is a lightweight, file-based relational database that is often used in small-scale web development projects. It is known for its ease of use, portability, and low resource requirements.

**Redis**: Redis is an in-memory data store that is often used in web development for caching and real-time applications. It is known for its speed and scalability and its support for data structures such as lists, sets, and hashes.

In summary, MySQL and PostgreSQL are both popular choices for web development when working with structured data. MongoDB is a good choice when working with unstructured data, while SQLite is suitable for small projects with low resource requirements. Redis is a great option for caching and real-time applications. Ultimately, the choice of database will depend on the specific requirements of the project.

Databases 101

## Asynchronous Javascript

Asynchronous code is an essential concept in JavaScript programming. It refers to the ability of the code to continue execution without waiting for a particular operation to complete. Instead, the code executes other tasks until the asynchronous operation finishes. Asynchronous code is crucial in web development since it enables applications to execute multiple tasks simultaneously without blocking the browser.

There are several ways to handle asynchronous code in JavaScript, including callbacks, promises, and async/await. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages, and choosing the right one for a particular situation depends on several factors such as code complexity and readability.

## 1. Callbacks

Callbacks are the oldest and most common way of handling asynchronous code in JavaScript. A callback is a function that is passed as an argument to another function and is called when the operation is completed. The basic syntax of a callback function looks like this:

```js
function callback(err, result) {
  if (err) {
    // handle the error
  } else {
    // handle the result
  }
}
```
Callbacks work well for simple asynchronous operations but can lead to **callback hell** when dealing with complex and nested operations. Callback hell occurs when multiple callbacks are nested inside each other, making the code unreadable and difficult to maintain.

## 2. Promises

Promises were introduced in ES6 and provide a cleaner way of handling asynchronous code. A promise represents the eventual completion or failure of an asynchronous operation and can be in one of three states: pending, fulfilled, or rejected. A promise has two methods: then() and catch(). The then() method is called when the promise is fulfilled, and the catch() method is called when the promise is rejected.

Here's an example of using promises to handle an asynchronous operation:

```js
const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  // perform an asynchronous operation
  if (success) {
    resolve(result);
  } else {
    reject(error);
  }
});

promise
  .then(result => {
    // handle the result
  })
  .catch(error => {
    // handle the error
  });
```

Promises provide a more readable and maintainable way of handling asynchronous code compared to callbacks. They also support chaining and can handle errors more effectively. However, promises still require nesting when dealing with multiple asynchronous operations.

## 3. Async/Await

Async/await is a new feature introduced in ES7 that provides an even cleaner and simpler way of handling asynchronous code. Async/await uses promises under the hood and allows developers to write asynchronous code that looks synchronous.

Here's an example of using async/await to handle an asynchronous operation:

```js
async function doSomething() {
  try {
    const result1 = await asyncOperation1();
    const result2 = await asyncOperation2(result1);
    const result3 = await asyncOperation3(result2);
    return result3;
  } catch (error) {
    // handle the error
  }
}

doSomething().then(result => {
  // handle the result
});
```

In the example above, the doSomething() function is marked as async, which allows us to use the await keyword inside the function. The await keyword pauses the execution of the function until the promise is fulfilled, making the code look synchronous. Async/await also provides better error handling compared to callbacks and promises.

In conclusion, handling asynchronous code is essential in modern web development, and JavaScript provides several ways of doing it. Callbacks, promises, and async/await each have their strengths and weaknesses, and choosing the right method depends on the specific requirements of the project. However, with the introduction of async/await in ES7, developers can write asynchronous code that is both clean and easy to read, making it the preferred

Asynchronous Javascript: An Explainer

## The Javascript Event Loop

**1.** When a piece of JavaScript code is executed, it runs in a single thread. This means that JavaScript can only execute one task at a time.

**2.** JavaScript is an event-driven language, which means that it responds to events such as mouse clicks, keyboard inputs, and network requests.

**3.** When an event occurs, JavaScript adds it to a queue called the "event queue". The event queue stores a list of events that are waiting to be processed.

**4.** While the event queue is not empty, JavaScript will continuously check the event queue for new events to process.

**5.** If there are events in the queue, JavaScript will take the first event and execute its associated callback function. The callback function is a function that is triggered when the event occurs.

**6.** When the callback function is executing, no other code can be executed. This means that JavaScript will wait for the callback function to complete before moving on to the next event in the queue.

**7.** Once the callback function has completed, JavaScript will check the event queue again for new events to process. If there are no more events in the queue, JavaScript will wait for new events to be added to the queue before checking again.

**8.** This process continues until all events in the queue have been processed.

**9.** It's important to note that some events, such as network requests, may take a long time to complete. While the event is processing, JavaScript will continue to check the event queue for new events to process. This allows JavaScript to handle multiple events simultaneously, even though it only has a single thread.

**10.** In summary, the JavaScript event loop is a mechanism that allows JavaScript to handle events in an asynchronous manner. By adding events to a queue and processing them one at a time, JavaScript is able to handle multiple events simultaneously and respond to user actions quickly and efficiently.

Javascript Event Loop

## The Pomodoro Technique

The Pomodoro Technique is a time management strategy designed to help individuals work efficiently and effectively. The technique was developed by Francesco Cirillo in the late 1980s, and its popularity has grown in recent years as people seek to increase their productivity and manage their time better.

The Pomodoro Technique is named after the tomato-shaped kitchen timer that Cirillo used when he first developed the technique. The timer is set for 25 minutes, which is the length of a Pomodoro session. During this time, the individual works on a specific task, without any distractions or interruptions. Once the timer goes off, the individual takes a short break, typically around five minutes. After completing four Pomodoro sessions, the individual takes a longer break of around 15-30 minutes.

The Pomodoro Technique is based on the idea that our brains function best when we work in short, focused bursts of time. By breaking work into smaller, more manageable chunks, individuals are able to stay focused and motivated, and avoid the feeling of overwhelm that can come from tackling a large task all at once.

One of the key benefits of the Pomodoro Technique is that it helps individuals to avoid distractions. During a Pomodoro session, the individual should avoid checking their phone, email, or any other notifications that might disrupt their focus. This can be difficult at first, but over time, the Pomodoro Technique can help individuals to develop better habits around managing distractions and staying focused on their work.

Another benefit of the Pomodoro Technique is that it helps individuals to manage their time more effectively. By breaking work into smaller chunks, individuals are able to see how much time they are spending on different tasks, and can adjust their schedule accordingly. This can be especially helpful for individuals who struggle with procrastination or have difficulty prioritizing their work.

One potential downside of the Pomodoro Technique is that it can be difficult to maintain momentum between Pomodoro sessions. For some individuals, taking a break every 25 minutes can be disruptive to their workflow, and they may find it difficult to get back into the flow of their work after a break. However, this is something that can be addressed with practice, and many people find that they are able to maintain their focus and motivation throughout the day using the Pomodoro Technique.

Overall, the Pomodoro Technique is a simple but effective time management strategy that can help individuals to work more efficiently and effectively. By breaking work into smaller, more manageable chunks, individuals are able to stay focused, manage distractions, and make better use of their time. If you are looking for a way to boost your productivity and manage your time more effectively, the Pomodoro Technique is definitely worth trying out.

## A quick Pomodoro app 

```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Pomodoro App</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="container">
      <h1>Pomodoro Timer</h1>
      <div class="progress-ring">
        <div class="progress-bar"></div>
        <div id="timer">25:00</div>
      </div>
      <div id="buttons">
        <button id="start">Start</button>
        <button id="stop">Stop</button>
        <button id="reset">Reset</button>
      </div>
    </div>
    <script src="script.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>
```

CSS code:

```css
.container {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 100vh;
}

h1 {
  font-size: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.progress-ring {
  display: inline-block;
  position: relative;
  width: 150px;
  height: 150px;
}

.progress-bar {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  clip: rect(0, 75px, 150px, 0);
  background-color: #eee;
}

.progress-bar::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background-color: #a60000;
  transform: rotate(0deg);
  transform-origin: center;
}

#timer {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  font-size: 5rem;
}

#buttons {
  display: flex;
}

button {
  margin: 0 1rem;
  padding: 1rem 2rem;
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}
```

JS code:

```js
const timer = document.getElementById("timer");
const progressBar = document.querySelector(".progress-bar");
const startButton = document.getElementById("start");
const stopButton = document.getElementById("stop");
const resetButton = document.getElementById("reset");

let time = 1500;
let intervalId;
let elapsedTime = 0;

function updateTimer() {
  let minutes = Math.floor(time / 60);
  let seconds = time % 60;
  timer.textContent = `${minutes.toString().padStart(2, '0')}:${seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0')}`;
  
  // Calculate progress bar angle based on elapsed time
  let progress = elapsedTime / 1500;
  let angle = -90 + progress * 360;
  progressBar.style.transform = `rotate(${angle}deg)`;

  time--;
  elapsedTime++;
  
  if (time < 0) {
    clearInterval(intervalId);
    alert("Time's up!");
  }
}

startButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
  intervalId = setInterval(updateTimer, 1000);
});

stopButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
  clearInterval(intervalId);
});

resetButton.addEventListener("click", () => {
  clearInterval(intervalId);
  time = 1500;
  updateTimer();
});
```


Pomodoro: A technique and a quick app

## Next.js File Structure explained

Next.js is a popular open-source framework for building server-side rendered (SSR) React applications. It provides a simple and flexible file structure for organizing your codebase. Here's a breakdown of the typical file structure in a Next.js application:

**pages**: This directory contains your application's pages. Every .js, .jsx, .ts, or .tsx file that's placed inside this directory becomes a route in your application. For example, a file called pages/about.js would create a route at http://localhost:3000/about.

**public**: This directory is used for static assets like images, fonts, and other files that are served directly to the browser. For example, if you have an image called logo.png in the public directory, you can use it in your code like this: <img src="/logo.png" alt="Logo" />.

**components**: This directory contains your application's reusable UI components. You can create as many subdirectories as you like to organize your components in a logical way.

**styles**: This directory is used for global stylesheets, such as a global.css file that applies styles to your entire application. You can also create per-component stylesheets and import them as needed.

**utils**: This directory contains utility functions that are used throughout your application. For example, you might have a file called api.js that contains functions for making API requests.

**pages/api**: This directory is used for API routes. Files in this directory become API endpoints that you can use to fetch data or perform other server-side tasks.

**.next**: This directory is generated by Next.js and contains build artifacts like compiled JavaScript and CSS files. You generally don't need to interact with this directory directly.

Overall, the file structure in a Next.js application is designed to be easy to understand and flexible enough to accommodate a wide range of project types and sizes.

NextJS file structure

## JWT Implementation:

1. Install a JWT library for your programming language/framework.
2. Generate a secret key that will be used to sign and verify the JWTs.
3. Create a function to generate a JWT token with the payload (user data).
4. On successful user authentication, generate a JWT token and send it back to the client as a response.
5. On subsequent requests, the client sends the JWT token in the Authorization header of the request.
6. On the server side, verify the JWT token using the secret key and extract the payload data.

## JWT Implementation

```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Login</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Login</h1>
    <form id="login-form">
      <label for="email">Email:</label>
      <input type="email" name="email" required>
      <br>
      <label for="password">Password:</label>
      <input type="password" name="password" required>
      <br>
      <button type="submit">Login</button>
    </form>
    <div id="message"></div>

    <script>
      const loginForm = document.querySelector('#login-form');
      const message = document.querySelector('#message');

      loginForm.addEventListener('submit', (e) => {
        e.preventDefault();
        const email = loginForm.email.value;
        const password = loginForm.password.value;
        fetch('/login', {
          method: 'POST',
          headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
          body: JSON.stringify({ email, password })
        })
        .then(res => res.json())
        .then(data => {
          if (data.error) {
            message.textContent = data.error;
          } else {
            message.textContent = 'Logged in';
            localStorage.setItem('token', data.token); // Store JWT token in localStorage
            window.location.href = '/protected'; // Redirect to protected route
          }
        })
        .catch(err => console.error(err));
      });
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

```

```js

const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');
const secret = 'mysecretkey'; // Replace with your own secret key

// Login Route
app.post('/login', (req, res) => {
  // Authenticate user and generate a JWT token
  const { email, password } = req.body;
  const user = authenticateUser(email, password);
  if (!user) {
    res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid credentials' });
    return;
  }
  const token = jwt.sign({ id: user.id, email: user.email }, secret, { expiresIn: '1h' });
  res.json({ token });
});

// Protected Route
app.get('/protected', verifyToken, (req, res) => {
  // The verifyToken middleware ensures that the JWT token is valid
  res.json({ message: 'Protected resource' });
});

// Middleware function to verify JWT token
function verifyToken(req, res, next) {
  const token = req.headers.authorization;
  if (!token) {
    res.status(401).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' });
    return;
  }
  try {
    const decoded = jwt.verify(token, secret);
    req.user = decoded;
    next();
  } catch (err) {
    res.status(401).json({ error: 'Invalid token' });
  }
}

```






How to implement JWT

## Syntax Error

This error occurs when the JavaScript engine encounters a syntax error in your code. This can happen if you have a typo or mistake in your syntax. For example:

```js
// Syntax error - missing closing parenthesis
const sum = (a, b => {
  return a + b;
});

```
## Type Error

This error occurs when you try to perform an operation on a value that is not of the expected type. This can happen if you pass an incorrect argument to a function or try to access a property on an undefined or null value. For example:

```js
// TypeError - property does not exist on undefined value
const person = undefined;
console.log(person.name);


```

## Reference Error

This error occurs when you try to reference a variable or function that does not exist in the current scope. This can happen if you misspell a variable or function name or try to reference a variable or function that is out of scope. For example:

```js
// ReferenceError - variable is not defined
console.log(age);
```

## Range Error

This error occurs when you try to perform an operation that is outside the range of acceptable values. This can happen if you try to create an array with a negative length or call a function with too many arguments. For example:

```js
// RangeError - invalid array length
const arr = new Array(-1);

```
## NetworkError

This error occurs when there is an issue with the network connection or HTTP request. This can happen if you try to make a request to a server that is down or if there is a problem with your network connection. For example:

```js
// NetworkError - could not connect to server
fetch('https://example.com/api/data')
  .then(response => console.log(response))
  .catch(error => console.error(error));
```

These are just a few examples of common error codes you may encounter when working with JavaScript. It's important to pay attention to error messages and use debugging tools to help identify and resolve any issues in your code.




Error Codes in JavaScript

## Step 1

Start with the basics: Familiarize yourself with the structure of the documentation. Typically, it will include an introduction, syntax section, description of parameters and return values, examples, and related functions.

## Step 2

Understand the syntax: The syntax section will show you how to write the function, including the order and types of the parameters it expects. Be sure to pay close attention to the syntax, as any mistakes in how you write the code will cause it to not function properly.

## Step 3

Understand the parameters: The parameters section will list the variables that the function expects to be passed to it, along with their expected data types. Make sure you understand what each parameter represents and what data type it should be.

## Step 4

Understand the return values: The return values section will describe what the function returns when it is executed. It may return a specific value or a data type, or it may return nothing at all.

## Step 5

Check for examples: Examples are a great way to get a better understanding of how the function works in practice. Look for examples that match your use case and study how they are written and how the function is called.

## Step 6

Understand related functions: Most JavaScript documentation will include a section that lists related functions. These are other functions that are similar or related to the one you are looking at, and they can often be helpful in understanding how the function works.

## Step 7

Use external resources: If you're having trouble understanding the documentation, don't hesitate to look up external resources such as online forums or tutorial websites. These can be a great way to get additional information and clarification.

## Step 8

Experiment and practice: The best way to learn JavaScript is by practicing writing code. After reading the documentation, try experimenting with the function and writing your own code using it. This will help you understand it better and solidify your understanding.


With these tips, you should be well on your way to understanding JavaScript documentation and using it to write better code.

How to read documentation: A step-by-step guide


## Intro

As a self-taught web developer, I have faced several challenges that have forced me to learn by doing. These challenges have required me to enhance my skills, work hard, and find creative solutions to problems.

## Number 1

The first challenge I faced was the lack of structure and guidance in the learning process. Without formal education in web development (I am no bootcamp grad), I had to rely on online resources and tutorials to build my knowledge base. This challenge forced me to become self-reliant and develop problem-solving skills that, I now realise, are essential in the software development industry. 

I had to learn how to research effectively and filter through vast amounts of information to find the resources I needed. This skill has helped me become a more efficient and effective developer, allowing me to find solutions to complex problems quickly. One of the key areas where I have had a steep learning curve is reading documentation. This has been a vital skill to develop.

## Number 2

The second challenge was the lack of accountability and feedback. Learning on my own meant that I had to be my own critic and identify areas where I needed improvement. I had to develop a keen eye for detail and learn how to self-evaluate my work critically. This skill has made me a more thorough and detail-oriented developer, ensuring that my code is high-quality and meets the required standards.

As a self-taught developer, I also faced the challenge of keeping up with the rapidly changing technology landscape. This challenge forced me to become a lifelong learner and continually improve my skills. I had to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and technologies, which has made me an adaptable and versatile developer. I can easily switch between programming languages and frameworks, and I am always eager to learn new things.

## Number 3

Another significant challenge I faced was gaining credibility in the eyes of employers. Many companies prefer candidates with formal education and training, which can make it difficult for self-taught developers to stand out. This challenge has forced me to develop a strong portfolio and demonstrate my skills through personal projects. It also made me more resilient and determined to succeed, which has helped me persevere through difficult projects and challenging work situations.

## Number 4

The lack of professional networks and connections was another challenge I faced. However, this challenge forced me to become more proactive and develop networking skills. I learned how to attend events, connect with other developers, and showcase my work effectively. This has helped me build a strong professional network and has given me access to job opportunities that I might not have had otherwise.

## Number 5

Lastly, as a self-taught developer, I had to learn how to work independently and self-motivate effectively. This challenge forced me to develop strong time management skills and learn how to prioritize tasks effectively. I also had to learn how to be self-motivated and stay focused on my goals. This has helped me become a more productive developer who can work efficiently and effectively with minimal supervision.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, being a self-taught web developer has presented me with several challenges that have ultimately made me a better developer than my peers. These challenges have forced me to become self-reliant, develop unique skills, and become an adaptable and versatile developer. While it has not been easy, I believe that these challenges have given me a unique perspective and set of skills that have helped me stand out in a competitive industry.



Inital thoughts on being self-taught

## Intro

Hello and welcome to my new blog! My name is Christian, and I am a self-taught web developer. Learning web development has been quite a journey for me, and I have faced numerous challenges along the way.

When I first started learning, I felt overwhelmed by the vast amount of information available online. I didn't know where to begin, and I found it difficult to navigate through the different technologies and frameworks. I struggled to understand the concepts and often felt like I was falling behind.

However, I persevered, and I have learned a lot through my experiences. In this blog, I will share some of the challenges I have faced and the strategies I have used to overcome them.

In addition to discussing the challenges of learning web development, I will also describe some of the projects I have worked on. I believe that working on projects is one of the best ways to learn, and I have had the opportunity to work on a variety of interesting projects.

I hope that my experiences and insights will be helpful to other self-taught developers, and I look forward to sharing my journey with you through this blog. Thank you for joining me on this exciting adventure!

## Why blog?

This blog has a few aims:

I. Describing my journey as a self-taught developer

II. Challenges of learning web development

Discussing the common challenges faced by self-taught developers
Strategies for overcoming those challenges
III. Projects I've worked on

Describing various projects I've worked on, including personal projects and client work
Providing details about the technologies used and the process of building each project
IV. Tutorials and how-to guides

Sharing tips and tricks on various web development topics, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and popular frameworks
Step-by-step tutorials and how-to guides for implementing specific features or solving common problems
V. Tools and resources

Recommending useful tools and resources for self-taught developers, such as online courses, books, websites, and forums
Discussing the pros and cons of different resources and offering guidance on how to choose the right ones
VI. Community and networking

Encouraging engagement and interaction among readers
Offering advice on how to build a network of like-minded developers and mentors



A Developer's Journey